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The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences £¨IUAES£© was established on August 23£¬ 1948£¬ when it merged£¬ in fact£¬ with the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences £¨ICAES£©£¬ which was founded in 1934. The latter was the product of various Congresses of Anthropological Sciences£¬ starting in¡¡1865.The IUAES is one of the member organizations of the International Social Science Council £¨ISSC£© and also of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies £¨ICPHS£©. The IUAES is also a member of the International Council of Scientific Unions £¨ICSU£©. Its aim is to enhance exchange and communication among scholars of all regions of the world£¬ in a collective effort to expand human knowledge. In this way£¬ it hopes to contribute to a better understanding of human society£¬ and to a sustainable future based on harmony between nature and culture. The IUAES once noted a draft statement on the future of world anthropology in ¡°Current Anthropology¡± £¨1979£©: ¡°The scope of anthropology in terms of areas of human interest includes such critical issues of the contemporary world as problems of environmental management£¬ pressure for the progressive reduction of disparities and the restructuring of the world order£¬ the future of the nation-state£¬ ethnic pluralism and the future of national society£¬ and the harmonization of the roles and functions of institutions with the basic and derived biological and psychic drives of man.¡± The IUAES itself consists of national and institutional organizations in more than 50 countries in all parts of the world£¬ and also includes some hundreds of individual members. The research effort and involvement of the IUAES is principally arranged by its scientific commissions£¬ of which£¬ currently£¬ there are twenty-seven£¬ and each of which concentrates on some areas of anthropological interest. They included ethnic relations£¬ aging and the aged£¬ women£¬ children£¬ youth£¬ migration£¬ epidemiology and Aids£¬ tourism£¬ primatology£¬ linguistics£¬ and so on.