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CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1 Bacteria 1

2 Viruses 1

3 Fungi 1

4 Chapter Summary 2

Review Questions 2

Chapter 2 Cell Structure 3

1 Prokaryotic Cell Structure 3

2 Staining 22

3 Morphologic Changes During Growth 23

4 Chapter Summary 23

Review Questions 24

Chapter 3 Bacterial Physiology 25

1 Classification of Bacteria 25

2 The Growth, Survival, and Death of Microorganisms 35

3 Cultivation of Microorganisms 41

4 Microbial Metabolism 50

5 Chapter Summary 61

Review Questions 62

Chapter 4 Bacterial Genetics 65

1 The Prokaryotic Genome 65

2 Bacteriophage 67

3 Transfer of DNA 68

4 Mutations and Selection 74

5 Applications of Bacterial Genetics 76

6 Chapter Summary 77

Review Questions 77

Chapter 5 Normal Human Microbiota 78

1 Role of the Resident Microbiota 78

2 Normal Microbiota of the Skin 79

3 Normal Microbiota of the Mouth and Upper Respiratory Tract 79

4 Normal Microbiota of the Urethra 83

5 Normal Microbiota of the Vagina 83

6 Normal Microbiota of the Conjunctiva 83

7 Chapter Summary 83

Review Questions 84

Chapter 6 Bacterial Infection and Immunity 86

1 Overview 86

2 Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections 86

3 Immunity of Bacterial Infections 96

4 Chapter Summary 112

Review Questions 113

Chapter 7 Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infection 116

1 Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infection 116

2 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bac terial Infection 122

Review Questions 130

Chapter 8 Pathogenic Coccus 132

1 The Staphylococci 132

2 The Streptococci 138

3 The Entercocci 146

4 The Neisseria 147

5 Chapter Summary 152

Review Questions 153

Chapter 9 Enteric Gram-negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae) 155

1 Classification 155

2 Diseases Caused by Enterobac teriaceae Other Than Salmonella and Shigella 159

3 The Shigellae 162

4 The Salmonella-Arizona Group 163

5 Chapter Summary 166

Review Questions 167

Chapter 10 Vibrios, Campylobacters,Helicobacter, and Associated Bacteria 169

1 The Vibrios 169

2 Campylobacter 171

Review Questions 174

Chapter 11 Spore-forming Gram-positive Bacilli: Bacillus and Clostridium Species 176

1 Bacillus Species 176

2 Bacillus Anthracis 176

3 Bacillus Cereus 178

4 Clostridium Species 179

5 Clostridium Botulinum 179

6 Clostridium Tetani 180

7 Clostridia That Produce Invasive Infections 181

8 Clostridium Difficile and Diarrheal Disease 183

Review Questions 183

Chapter 12 Infections Caused by Anaerobic Bacteria 185

1 Anaerobic Bacteria Found in Hu man Infections 185

2 Pathogenesis of Anaerobic Infec tions 187

3 The Polymicrobial Nature of Anae robic Infections 187

4 Diagnosis of Anaerobic Infections 188

5 Treatment of Anaerobic Infections 188

6 Chapter Summary 188

Review Questions 188

Chapter 13 Mycobacteria 190

1 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 190

2 Mycobacterium Leprae 192

3 Chapter Summary 192

Review Questions 192

Chapter 14 Aerobic Non-Spore-Forming Gram-positive Bacilli 193

1 Corynebacterium Diphtheriae 194

2 Other Coryneform Bacteria 197

3 Listeria Monocytogenes 197

4 Actinomycetes 198

5 Nocardiosis 199

6 Actinomycetoma 199

7 Chapter Summary 200

Review Questions 200

Chapter 15 Pseudomonads and Acinetobacters 202

1 Pseudomonads 202

2 Acinetobacter 206

3 Chapter Summary 207

Review Questions 207

Chapter 16 Haemophilus, Bordetella,Brucella, Francisella 209

1 Haemophilus 209

2 Bordetella 210

3 Brucella 212

4 Francisella 214

5 Chapter Summary 215

Review Questions 216

Chapter 17 Yersinia and Pasteurlla 217

1 Yersinia 217

2 Pasteurella 219

Review Questions 220

Chapter 18 Legionellae, Bartonella, and Unusual Bacterial Pathogens 222

1 Legionella Pneumophila and Other Legionellae 222

2 Bartonella 223

3 Streptobacillus Moniliformis 224

4 Chapter Summary 225

Review Questions 225

Chapter 19 Spirochetes and Other Spiral Microorganisms 227

1 Treponema Pallidum and Syphilis 227

2 Borrelia Burgdorferi and Lyme Disease 229

3 Leptospira and Leptospirosis 231

Review Questions 233

Chapter 20 Mycoplasma and Cell

Wall-Defective Bacteria 234

1 General Introduction 234

2 Mycoplasma Pneumoniae 236

3 Other Pathogenic Mycoplasma 237

4 Cell Wall-Defective Bacteria 237

5 Chapter Summary 238

Review Questions 238

Chapter 21 Rickettsia and Related Genera 240

1 General 240

2 Rickettsia and Orientia 240

3 Coxiella Burnetii 243

4 Ehrlichia and Anaplasma 244

5 Chapter Summary 245

Review Questions 245

Chapter 22 Chlamydiae 247

1 General Properties of Chlamydia 247

2 Diseases 249

3 Chapter Summary 254

Review Questions 255

Chapter 23 General Properties of Viruses 257

1 Classification of Viruses 257

2 Virus Structure 258

3 Chemical Composition of Viruses 261

4 Replication of Viruses 262

5 Genetics of Animal Viruses 266

6 Natural History (Ecology) and Modes of Transmission of Viruses 268

7 Reaction to Physical and Chemical Agents 270

8 Laboratory Techniques of Virology 271

9 Chapter Summary 273

Review Questions 273

Chapter 24 Viral Infection and Immune Response to Viruses 276

1 The Modes and Types of Viral Infec tion and Pathogenicity of Viruses 276

2 Anti-Virus immunity 285

3 Chapter Summary 290

Review Questions 290

Chapter 25 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Viral Infection 292

1 Diagnosis of Viral Infection 292

2 Treatment of Viral Infection 298

3 Prevention of Viral Infection 299

4 Chapter Summary 301

Review Questions 302

Chapter 26 Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza Viruses), Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus 304

1 Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza Vir us) 304

2 Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus 314

3 Chapter Summary 331

Review Questions 332

Chapter 27 Coronaviruses and Adenoviruses 335

1 Coronaviruses 335

2 Adenoviruses 338

3 Chapter Summary 343

Review Questions 343

Chapter 28 Picornaviruses (Enterovirus and Rhinovirus Groups) 345

1 Properties of Picornaviruses 345

2 Enterovirus Group 346

3 Rhinoviruses 351

4 Other Picornaviruses 352

5 Chapter Summary 352

Review Questions 352

Chapter 29 Reoviruses, Rotaviruses and

Caliciviruses 354

1 General Properties of Reoviridae 354

2 Rotaviruses 355

3 Reoviruses and Caliciviridae 358

4 Chapter Summary 359

Review Questions 359

Chapter 30 Hepatitis Viruses 361

1 Properties of Hepatitis Viruses 361

2 Hepatitis Virus Infections in Humans 367

3 Chapter Summary 376

Review Questions 377

Chapter 31 AIDS and Lentiviruses 380

1 Properties of Lentiviruses 380

2 HIV Infections in Humans 384

3 Chapter Summary 392

Review Questions 392

Chapter 32 Herpesviruses 394

1 General Properties of Herpesvi ru ses 394

2 Herpesvirus Infections in Humans 396

3 Chapter Summary 408

Review Questions 408

Chapter 33 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Viral Diseases 410

1 Arbovirus Infections 410

2 Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections 414

3 Chapter Summary 417

Review Questions 418

Chapter 34 Poxviruses and Parvoviruses 420

1 Poxviruses 420

2 Parvoviruses 426

3 Chapter Summary 430

Review Questions 430

Chapter 35 Rabies, Slow Virus Infections,and Prion Diseases 432

1 Rabies 432

2 Slow Virus Infections and Prion Dis eases 437

3 Chapter Summary 439

Review Questions 440

Chapter 36 Medical Mycology 442

1 General Property of Fungi 442

2 Pathogenic Fungi 444

3 Chapter Summary 448

Review Questions 449

Chapter 37 Cases and Clinical Correlations 452

1 Central Nervous System 452

2 Respiratory 456

3 Heart 460

4 Abdomen 461

5 Urinary Tract 463

6 Bone and Soft Tissue 468

7 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 470

8 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In fections 472

9 HIV-1 and AIDS 475

10 Infections in Transplant Patients 479

11 Biologic Warfare and Bioterrorism 483

Chinese-English Vocabulary 488