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Acknowledgements
Chapter One General Introduction
1£®1 A Brief Survey of Middles
1£®2 Syntactic and Semantic Properties of Middles
1£®3 Identifying Middles in English and Chinese
1£®4 A Critical Review of Syntactic Study on Middles
1£®4£®1 The Lexical Approach
1£®4£®2 The Syntactic Approach
1£®4£®3 The Parameterized Approach
1£®4£®4 The Minimalist Approach
1£®4£®5 The Semantic Approach
1£®4£®6 Summary
1£®5 Research Questions
1£®6 Overview of Our Core Assumptions
I£®7 Layout of the Book

Chapter Two Theoretical Preliminaries
2£®1 Type and Token
2£®2 Theta Features and Syntactic Derivation
2£®3 Feature Inheritance from C to T
2£®4 Agree
2£®4£®1 Agr as Functional Heads
2£®4£®2 Agree as Local Syntactic Relation
2£®4£®3 A Feature-Sharing Version of Agree
2£®5 Summary

Chapter Three A [uC]-Featured verb Analysis of Middle Predicates
3£®1 Theta Relations and Syntactic Derivation
3£®1£®1 Lexicalist vs£®Non-Lexicalist Debate
3£®1£®2 Theta Roles as Theta Features
3£®l£®3 The Light verb and Theta Features
3£®1£®4 Valuing Theta Features in SD
3£®1£®5 Summing Up
3£®2 Theta Relations in Middle Predicates
3£®2£®1 The Responsibility Reading and Causative Analysis
3£®2£®2 A [ uC] -Feature verb Analysis
3£®2£®3 Merits of the [ uC] -Featured verb Analysis
3£®3 English Middles Under the [ uC]-Featured verb Analysis
3£®3£®1 Patient-Subject Middles
3£®3£®2 Adjunct-Subject Middles
3£®3£®3 Agent as Non-External Argument
3£®3£®4 Summing Up
3£®4 Chinese Middles Under the [ uC] -Featured verb Analysis
3£®4£®1 Patient-Subject Middles
3£®4£®2 Adjunct-Subject Middles
3£®4£®3 Middle Status of "NP + V-qilai + AP" Constructions
3£®4£®4 Summing Up
3£®5 Extension of the [ uC]-Featured verb Analysis
3£®5£®1 Other Constructions Involving the [ uC] -Featured verb
3£®5£®2 Reflexive Middies in Romanic Languages
3£®5£®3 Middles and Ergatives
3£®5£®4 Reflection on the Voice Category
3£®6 Summary

Chapter Four An [iMod]-Featured TMOD Analysis of Middle Clauses
4£®1 Modals and TP
4£®1£®1 Significance of the Functional Category T
4£®1£®2 Modal Projection as TP
4£®1£®3 Modal Auxiliaries as an [ iMod] -Featured Defective TMOD
4£®2 TMOv and the Davidsonian Event Argument in Middle Clauses
4£®2£®1 The Davidsonian Event Argument
4£®2£®2 Licensing Condition of the Davidsonian Event Argument
4£®2£®3 Suppression of the Event Argument by the [iMOD] -Featured TMOD
4£®3 Modality in Middle Clauses
4£®3£®1 Definition and Classification of Modality
4£®3£®2 Epistemic and Root Modality
4£®3£®3 Modality Realization in Middle Clauses Through Agree
4£®4 [ iMOD]-Featured TMoD Analysis of English and Chinese Middle Clauses
4£®4£®1 TMOD Analysis of English Middle Clauses
4£®4£®2 TMOo Neng/Ke £¨can£© in "NP + Neng/Ke + V" Sentences
4£®4£®3 TMoo Hao £¨good£© in the "NP + Hao + V" Construction
4£®4£®4 TMOD Nan/Yi £¨difficult~easy£© in "NP + Nan/Yi + V" Sentences
4£®4£®5 The Null TMOD in the "NP + V-qilai + AP" Construction
4£®4£®6 Summing Up
4£®5 Extension of the [ iMOD]-Featured TMD Analysis
4£®5£®1 Episodic Middles in English and Chinese
4£®5£®2 Notional Passives in Chinese
4£®5£®3 Reflection on the English Tense System
4£®6 Summary

Chapter Five The Topic Effect in Middle Constructions
5£®1 Topic Status of the Sentence-Initial NPs in Middle Clauses
5£®1£®1 Categorical Sentence vs£®Thctic Sentence
5£®1£®2 Individual Level Predicates vs£®Stage Level Predicates
5£®1£®3 Middles as Categorical Sentences and Individual Level Clauses
5£®1£®4 Participant Topic and TMoD
5£®2 Feature DONATE from C to TMoD in the Middle Structure
5£®2£®1 Feature Inheritance Mechanism
5£®2£®2 Feature DONATE in Derivation of the Middle Structure
5£®2£®3 Combination of A-Movement and A' -Movement
5£®2£®4 Overlap of Categorical Topic and Grammatical Subject
5£®3 Middle Clauses as Topic Sentences
5£®3£®1 English Middle Clauses as Topic Sentences
5£®3£®2 Chinese Middle Constructions as Topic Sentences
5£®4 Advantages of the Topicalization Analysis
5£®5 Extension of the Topicalization Analysis
5£®5£®1 Dissolving Impersonal Middle Clauses
5£®5£®2 Reflection on the Subject vs£®Topic Debate
5£®6 Summary

Chapter Six The Adverbial Requirement in Middle Constructions
6£®1 Previous Accounts for the Adverbial Requirement
6£®1£®1 Adverbial Requirement as an Intriguing Problem
6£®1£®2 Various Perspectives to the Adverbial Requirement
6£®1£®3 Critical Evaluation
6£®2 Our Account¡ª¡ªA Semantic and Morph-Syntactical Requirement
6£®2£®1 Adverbial Appearance as Effect of the [ uC] -Featured Light verb
6£®2£®2 Modal£¬ Negation£¬ Focus as Semantic Operators in the T-Domain
6£®2£®3 Morpho-Syntactic Realization of the Semantic Operators
6£®2£®4 Summing Up
6£®3 Adverbials in English Middle Constructions
6£®3£®1 The Allowable Adverbials
6£®3£®2 Re-Examining the Subtypes
6£®4 Are Adverbials Required in Chinese Middle Constructions?
6£®4£®1 Overt TMOD as Morpho-Syntactic Operators
6£®4£®2 An Adjectival Requirement in the "NP + V-qilai + AP" Construction
6£®4£®3 Summing Up
6£®5 Reflection on Merger of Adverbials
6£®6 Summary

Chapter Seven Conclusion
7£®1 Summarizing the Syntax and Semantics of Middle Constructions
7£®2 Significance of the Study
7£®3 Limitations and Questions for Further Research
References
List of Abbreviations