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Chapter 1 PIPELINE INTRODUCTION 1.1 PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT 1.1.1 International Pipeline Development 1.1.2 Development of China pipeline Industry 1.1.3 Co
ideratio
of Pipeline Tra
portation 1.2 PIPELINE SYSTEM 1.2.1 Types of Pipelines 1.2.2 Pipeline Network 1.2.3 Gas Pipeline Network in the CityChapter 2 PIPELINE GEOTECHNICS DESIGN 2.1 ELEMENTS INFLUENCING PIPELINE DESIGN 2.1.1 Codes and Standards 2.1.2 The General Procedures of Pipeline Design 2.1.3 Supply, Demand and Route Selection 2.1.4 Environmental Co
ideratio
2.1.5 Effect of Hydraulic Fluid's 2.1.6 Economics 2.1.7 Material and Co
truction 2.1.8 Pipeline Protection 2.2 ROUTE SDRVERY AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN 2.2.1 Preliminary Route Selection 2.2.2 Engineering Survey 2.2.3 Legal Survey 2.2.4 Co
truction/As Built Survey 2.3 GEOTECHNOLOGY OF PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 2.3.1 Guidelines of Pipeline Route Selection 2.3.2 Slope Stability Control 2.3.3 Drainage and Erosion Control 2.4 ANCHORING AND SUPPORT 2.4.1 No Anchor Supporting 2.4.2 Anchor Supporting 2.5 PIPELINE ENGINEERING SURVEY 2.5.1 Surveying Equipment 2.5.2 Pipeline Layout Survey 2.6 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN FROZEN AREAS 2.6.1 The Pipeline Design Issues 2.6.2 Pipeline Co
truction TechnologyChapter 3 PIPELINE MECHANICAL DESIGN 3.1 THEORIES OF STRENGTH 3.1.1 Normal Stress 3.1.2 Component of Shear Stress 3.1.3 Principal Stresses 3.1.4 Allowable Stress 3.1.5 Theories of Failure 3.2 MEMBRANE STRESSES IN VESSELS UNDER. INTERNAL PRESSURE 3.2. 1 Analysis of Membrane Stresses 3.2.2 Cylindrical Vessel under Internal Pressure 3.3 PROCEDURES OF PIPELINE DESIGN 3.3.1 Co
ideratio
of Pipeline Design 3.3.2 Method of Calculation 3.4 VALVE ASSEMBLIES 3.4.1 Block Valves 3.4.2 Compressor Station Tie-i
3.4.3 Valve Operato
3.4.4 Blowdow
3.4.5 Vent Operato
3.5 MATERIALS SELECTION 3.5.1 Material and Specification Requirements 3.5.2 Fracture Control Design 3.5.3 Strength Requirements 3.5.4 Chemical Composition 3.5.5 Dime
ional Tolerances 3.6 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3.6.1 Quality and Requirement 3.6.2 A Quality ProjectChapter 4 TRANSMISSION PROCESSES DESIGN 4.1 GENERAL DESIGN PARAMETERS 4.1.1 Forecasting Throughput 4.1.2 Basic Paramete
4.1.3 Physical Characteristics of Mediums 4.1.4 Developing Design Alternatives 4.1.5 Natural Gas Hydraulics 4.2 PRINCIPLES OF FLOW 4.2.1 Ideal Gas Law 4.2.2 Real Gas Law 4.2.3 The Law of Co
ervation , 4.2.4 Heat Tra
mission 4.2.5 Friction Factor and Flow Regimes 4.3 GENERAL FLOW EQUATIONS 4.3. I Darcy's Formula 4.3.2 Flow of Gas in Pipe Lines 4.3.3 Othe'r Flow Equatio
4.3.4 Compressor Calculatio
4.4 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 4.4.1 The Optimization Process 4.4.2 Detailed Cost of Service Analysis 4.4.3 J-curve Example Chapter 5 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 5.1 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES 5.1.1 Clearing the Right-of-way 5.1.2 Right-of-way Grading 5.1.3 Ditching and Trenching 5.1.4 Pipe-settled Ditching 5.1.5 Pipe Hauling and Stringing 5.1.6 Pipe Bending 5.1.7 Welding 5.1.8 Pipeline I
pection 5.1.9 Non-destructive Testing 5.1.10 Pipe Painting and Coating 5.1.11 As-built burvey 5.1.12 Lower-in 5.1.13 Backfill 5.1.14 Tie-i
5.1.15 Ci'osgings 5.1.16 Fabrication 5.1.17 Cathodic Protection 5.1.18 Erosion Control and Revegetation 5.1.19 Cleanup and Restoration 5.2 HYDROSTATIC TESTING 5.2.1 The Co
ideratio
of Tested Sectio
5.2.2 Internal Cleaning and Ingpection 5.3 COMMISSIONING 5.3.1 Natural Gas Pipelines 5.3.2 Liquid Petroleum Gas PipelinesChapter 6 CROSSING AND OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1 Buoyant Control of Crossing 6.1.2 Buoyancy Control Systems Design 6.2 OPENING RIVER CROSSING 6.2.1 Co
truction Plan 6.2.2 Co
truction Technical Measurements 6.2.3 HSEManagement System 6.2.4 Main Materials and Machines for River Crossing 6.3 CROSSING BY DRILLING 6.3.1 Processes of Drilling 6.3.2 Roads and Railroads Crossing Design 6.4 PIPE DRIVING CROSSING CONSTRUCTION 6.4.1 Shield Co
truction 6.4.2 Pipe Driving Crossing C6
trudtion 6.5 OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 6.5.1 Introduction to Offshore Pipeline Co
truction 6.5.2 Reference Documents 6.5.3 Offshore Pipeline Design 6.5.4 Methods of the Pipelay 6.6 PIPELINE OVERHEAD CROSSING 6.6.1 Overhead Crossing Design 6.6.2 Introduction to Overhead Crossing 6.6.3 Future Development of Pipe Overhead CrossingChapter 7 PIPELINE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 7. I PIPE MANUFACTURING PROCESS 7.1.1 Types of Pipe Welding 7.1.2 Pipeline Pe
pectives for the Future 7.1.3 Technological Process of Pipe Manufacturing 7.2 IMPROVED COATINGS 7.2.1 Coating Properties for Operation 7.2.2 Internal and External Pipe Painting System 7.2.3 Coating Materials Choice 7.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION 7.3.1 Methods to Apply Cathodic Protection 7.3.2 Cathodic Protection Design 7.4 PIPELINE PIGGINGS 7.4.1 Explanation of Pigging 7.4.2 Codes and Standards 7.4.3 Major Components of Pigging Assembly 7.4.4 Pig Barrel and End Closure 7.4.5 Pig Barrel Valves 7.4.6 General Procedures for Pig Launch and Receive 7.5 PIPELINE LEAKS FINDING AND REPAIRING 7.5.1 Leak Condition and Calculation 7.5.2 Repairing Damaged Pipelines 7.5.3 Non-stop Service Hot-tapping and Plugging on Pipe 7.6 OHSE OPERATION GUIDE 7.6.1 QHSE Management Functio
7.6.2 Capacity Evaluation 7.6.3 Training 7.6.4 Equipments Evaluation and Information Exchange 7.6.5 Documents and Controls 7.6.6 QHSE Risks Identification and Evaluation 7.7 SCADA SYSTEM 7.7.1 A Brief SCADA Review 7.7.2 SCADA Elements 7.7.3 Secured SCADA SystemENGLISH-CHINESE GLOSSARYREFERENCES